Headaches >> Topamax

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Product description Safety information Side effects

Drug Name

Topamax (Topiramate)

Drug Uses

Seizures may be classified as either partial incase they involve only a tiny portion of the brain or generalized incase they involve more of the brain. Topamax is used in combination with other anti-seizure drugs among adults as well as children aged 2-16 years with partial seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures (in which there is prolonged contraction of the muscles of the body that causes rigidity as well as jerking motions). Topamax sprinkle capsules are approved for treatment without other drugs in patients 10 years of age as well as older. Topamax as well as is used in patients two years of age as well as older with seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, a very bad form of epilepsy which accounts for up to 10 percent of all cases of childhood epilepsy. Children with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome experience delays in their development as well as up to dozens of dissimilar, combined types of seizures a day. The most ordinary types of seizures in this syndrome are tonic (stiffening of the body, with the eyes rolling upwards, dilation of the pupils as well as shallow, irregular breathing), atonic (brief loss of muscle tone as well as consciousness, causing abrupt falls), myoclonic (sudden muscle jerks), as well as absence (staring spells).

How Taken

Most commonly, topamax is started in abridged doses, 25 or 50 mg per day, as well as then increased slowly, under a doctor's orders, by 25 to 50 mg per week until an effective daily dose is reached. This unhurried approach to treatment reduces side effects. In children, the starting dose is up to 25 mg (1 to 3 mg/kg/day), used nightly for the earliest week. The dose is then increased at 1 or 2 week intervals by 1 to 3 mg/kg/day. Although the usual adult dose is 200 mg twice daily, some adult patients may begin to see a clinical response at 200 mg per day. Some patients need doses higher than 200 mg daily. In children, the usual dose is 2.5 to 4.5 mg/kg twice daily. Patients should maintain an adequate fluid intake in order to minimize the risk of kidney stones.

Drug Class as well as Mechanism

Topamax is an oral drug that is used to halt the seizures of epilepsy. (It is an anti-epileptic or anti-seizure drug). It is used primarily among patients who are not controlled by other anti-epileptic drugs. About 1 in 4 Americans diagnosed with epilepsy has seizures that resist treatment with other anti-epileptic drugs. Topamax as well as prevents migraine headaches. Seizures are due to the abnormal activity ("firing") of nerves in the brain, as well as the abnormal activity spreads to smaller or larger portions of the brain. Although topamax's exact mechanism of action is unknown, scientific studies suggest that it may alter neurotransmitters within the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that nerves manufacture as well as take to communicate with other nearby nerves. By altering the production or action of the neurotransmitters, topamax may suppress the abnormal activity of the nerves in the brain that cause the seizures or may halt the abnormal activity from spreading to other nerves. Other studies suggest that topamax may suppress the nerves directly (i.e., not by altering neurotransmitters) as well as make them less likely to fire.

Missed Dose

Incase you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as likely. Incase it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose as well as go back to your normal dosing schedule.

Storage

Topamax tablets should be stored at room temperature, 59-86°F (15-30 ° C). Sprinkle capsules should be stored at or below 77 ° F (25 °C).

Warnings/Precautions

The following medications, when used with topamax, increase the risk of kidney stones: acetazolamide (Diamox), dorzolamide (Trusopt), methazolamide (Neptazane), dichlorphenamide (Daranide). Carbamazepine (Tegretol) as well as phenytoin (Dilantin) markedly decrease the amount of topamax in the body by increasing its elimination from the body. As a result, topamax may lose effectiveness unless doses are increased. Topamax may decrease the amount of estrogen in the body in women using oral contraceptives, possibly increasing the chances of unwanted pregnancy. Patients with seizure disorders using anticonvulsant medications, including topamax, may develop nerve toxicity from a artificial, 4'-O-methylpyridoxine, found as a contaminant in some ginkgo preparations. Do not take this medicine incase you possess had an allergic reaction to it or are allergic to any ingredient in this product. Do not halt using this medicine without earliest checking with your doctor. Some conditions may become worse when the medicine is suddenly stopped. Keep all doctor as well as laboratory appointments while you are using this medicine. Laboratory and/or health examination tests may be done, such as measuring bicarbonate levels in your blood, before you start using this medicine as well as during therapy to monitor for side effects. Before you possess any health examination or dental treatments, emergency care, or surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are using this medicine. This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol as well as other depressants. Ask your doctor or pharmacist incase you possess questions. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to this medicine. Using this medicine alone, with other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks. This medicine may reduce sweating which could raise your body temperature, especially in children. The risk of this humorless side effect is greater in hot weather and/or during vigorous exercise. Drink plenty of fluids as well as dress lightly while in hot climates, or when exercising. Check carefully for signs of decreased sweating. Incase this occurs, promptly seek cooler or air-conditioned shelter and/or halt exercising. Seek immediate health examination attention incase your body temperature is above common, or incase you possess mental or mood changes, headache, or dizziness. Contact your doctor for more details. Before you begin using any recent medicine, either prescription or over-the-counter, check with your doctor or pharmacist. For women, using this medicine while you are using birth control pills may decrease the effectiveness of your birth control pills. To halt pregnancy, take an additional form of birth control while you are using this medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist incase you need more information. Incase you plan on becoming pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits as well as risks of using this medicine during pregnancy. It is unknown incase this medicine is excreted in breast milk. Incase you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using this medicine, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.

Likely Side Effects

In adults, the most ordinary side effects of topamax are tiredness, dizziness, coordination problems, speech problems, changes in vision or double vision, difficulty with memory, as well as sensory distortion. In children, the most ordinary side effects are drowsiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, nervousness, difficulty with concentration/attention, weight decrease, aggressive reaction as well as difficulty with memory. Since topamax was approved, there possess been 23 cases reported (as of 8-17-01) of a unexpected onset of vision as well as eye problems. Symptoms possess typically occurred within the earliest month of therapy, with patients reporting an acute onset of decreased vision and/or eye pain. Eye examination revealed myopia (nearsightedness), redness, decreased depth of the anterior chamber of the eye as well as elevated ocular pressure, with or without dilation of the pupils. Fluid accumulation within the eye may displace the lens as well as iris anteriorly causing secondary angle closure glaucoma. Incase patients develop this syndrome, the treatment is to discontinue topamax as rapidly as likely, according to the judgment of the treating physician.

More Information

Laboratory as well as or health examination tests (e.g., eye exams) may be performed to monitor your progress. Dc with others for whom it was not prescribed. Do not take this medicine for other health conditions. Keep this medicine out of the reach of children. Incase using this medicine for an extended period of time, obtain refills before your supply runs out.